Advanced Topics

Terminology and Lifecycle

Damavand simplifies the development of an Extract-Transform-Load (ETL) pipeline for a rich collection of benchmark rotary machines dataset; followings are the essential steps of such pipelines:

1. Downloading the dataset: datasets are downloadable using either custom or general downloaders.
2. Mining the dataset: digestors transform raw dataset files into structured pairs of signals and metadata (mining for short).
3. Application of signal processing: signal processing tehcniques are employed to process and enrich the signal banks, for the downstream analysis.

The image below, illustrates the lifecycle of a Damavand pipeline. As highlighted in the image, employment of Damavand makes the development of ETL pipelines highly repeatable, resulting in faster iterative trials.

It is worth mentioning that we do not regard data augmentation as an essential step of the pipeline; therefore, we have not included that in this section; complementary explanations on data augmentation using Damavand is provided late on this page.

Anatomy

Damavand currently consists of four modules:

• utils: a submodule to include genral and basic functions
• signal_processing: implementation of the most frequently-used signal processing transforms and features used for vibration analysis
• datasets: this submodule consists of two parts:
  • downloaders: helping classes to download benchmark datasets
  • digestors: helping classes to process raw dataset files into structured pairs of signal banks and their corresponding metadata
• augmentations: implementation of a collection of data augmentation techniques, suiting vibration data

The image below, illustrates an overview of the Damavand.

Datasets

Available datasets are listed in the table below:

Dataset	\(F_s\) (kHz)	Rotational Speed	Multiple Loads (Loading pattern)	Classes	Available Channels	Source
MFPT	97.656 and 48.828	25 Hz	Yes (Running load)	Normal BIR BOR	1 Accelerometer	https://www.mfpt.org/fault-data-sets/
KAIST	25.6	680 RPM to 2460 RPM	Yes (running torque: 0 Nm, 2 Nm and 4 Nm)	Normal BIR BOR M U	4 Accelerometers (vertical and horizontal per each bearing housing)	https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/ztmf3m7h5x/6
CWRU	12 and 48	1730 RPM 1750 RPM 1772 RPM 1790 RPM	Yes (rotational speed variation)	Normal BIR BOR BBP	2 Accelerometers (one for drive-end bearing and one for the fan-end one)	https://engineering.case.edu/bearingdatacenter
SEU	2	20 Hz 30 Hz	Yes (rotational speed variation)	Normal BIR BOR BIO BBP	8 Accelerometers	https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8432110 https://github.com/cathysiyu/Mechanical-datasets/tree/master/gearbox
MaFaulda	51.2	Variable (tachometer)	Yes (rotational speed variation)	Normal M (vertical/horizontal) U UHB (OR, CP \& BP) OHB (OR, CP \& BP)	1 tachometer Triaxial acceleration from underhang bearing Triaxial acceleration from overhang bearing Microphone	https://www02.smt.ufrj.br/~offshore/mfs/page_01.html
MEUT	10	Variable	Yes (running power: 100, 200 & 300 Watts)	Normal (with & without pulley) BIR BOR	Triaxial acceleration	https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/fm6xzxnf36/2
UoO	200	Variable	Yes (variation of rotational speed: increasing, decreasing increasing-decreasing decreasing-increasing)	Normal BIR BOR	1 Accelerometer 1 Encoder (measuring rotational speed)	https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/v43hmbwxpm/1
PU	64	Variable	Yes (rotational speed load torque radial force )	Normal Bearing inner race Bearing outer race Bearing inner/outer race	1 Accelerometer 2 Current sensors (measuring phase currents)	https://mb.uni-paderborn.de/kat/forschung/kat-datacenter/bearing-datacenter/data-sets-and-download

In the above table, \(F_s\), BIR, BOR, M, U, BBP, BIO, UHB, OHB and BCP correspond to the sampling frequency, bearing inner race fault, bearing outer race fault, misalignment, unbalance, bearing ball problem, combinatory inner and outer races fault, underhang bearing, overhang bearing and bearing cage problem.